Departing from the fact that Rights In Rem on any aircraft must be registered before the authority of the state of its registration marks, and taking into account that any interest in an aircraft asset can be registered before the International Registry of Mobile Assets; in this edition we will make a short analysis of the legal frame, regulations and figures stated in Mexican legislation for the registration of rights in rem over foreign civil aircraft and engines; aiming to define where it must be registered and to confirm if it ensures publicity, enforceability and preferential rights.
Article 47 of the Civil Aviation Law states the obligation for the registration of all documents that entail the acquisition, transmission, amendment, encumbrance or cancellation of property, possession and any other right in rem over Mexican civil aircraft and engines; as well as the lease of national and foreign aircraft before the Mexican Aviation Registry (Registro Aeronáutico Méxicano).
Thus bringing up the fact that under the Civil Aviation Law the registration of rights, aside from leases, in regards to foreign aircraft is not a legal requirement; the first step is to define if, additionally to leases, other rights in rem over foreign aircraft can be registered before the Mexican Aviation Registry (RAM).
Mexican Aviation Registry (RAM) and rights in rem over foreign aircraft.
The Civil Aviation Law in its Chapter X "About Mexican Aviation Registry", article 47, section I; states the existence of the Mexican Aviation Registry, a public entity that amongst other attributions, is entitled to register all rights in rem over Mexican civil aircraft and engines; as well as the lease of Mexican and foreign aircraft.
"Article 47. The Mexican Aviation Registry is public, it will be undertaken by the Ministry of Communications and Transportation, and it shall register:
I. The documents that entail the acquisition, transmission, amendment, encumbrance or cancellation of property, possession and any other right in rem over Mexican civil aircraft and engines; as well as the lease of national and foreign aircraft;
..."
As previously noted, the abovementioned Article 47 clearly overlooks the obligation or prerogative for the registration of rights in rem over foreign aircraft before the Mexican Aviation Registry.
Furthermore, Article 11 of the Regulation of the Mexican Aviation Registry, narrows down the acts subject to registration before the Mexican Aviation Registry, waiving the possibility of registering leases over foreign aircraft and engines; extending the viability for the registration of foreign engines, as follows:
"Article 11. The documents that evidence acts subject to registration, shall be registered in the following Subsection of the Aviation Section:
In Aviation Subsection, those in regards to the acquisition, transmission, amendment, encumbrance or cancellation of property, possession and other rights in rem on Mexican civil aircraft and engines, as well as the lease agreements for Mexican and foreign aircraft and engines;
..."
In that sense, and bearing in mind that the Civil Aviation Law does not state the obligation; and confirming that the Regulation of the Mexican Aviation Registry does not states a subsection of the Aviation Section of the RAM for its registration; rights in rem over foreign aircraft or engines cannot be registered before the Mexican Aviation Registry.
So, if rights in rem over foreign aircraft or engines cannot be registered before the Mexican Aviation Registry; the second issue is to define if these acts can be registered before a Mexican entity.
Movable Guarantees Sole Registry (RUG) and rights in rem over foreign aircraft.
The Movable Guarantees Sole Registry (Registro Único de Garantías Mobiliarias) was designed by the Mexican Government to stimulate the use of movable assets as securities; and established by the Secretariat of Economy "Secretaría de Economía" through the amendments to the Regulation of the Public Registry of Commerce published in the official gazette on September 23, 2010. In that sense the RUG is a section of the Public Registry of Commerce operated by the Secretariat of Economy.
The RUG has the authority to register, as per requested by any interested party, any Movable Guarantee, defined as the effect of any commercial legal act through which is constituted, modified, transmitted or cancelled a guarantee or special privilege or a retention right in favor to the creditor, over a movable asset or group, to guarantee the observance of an obligation1.
Article 32 of the Regulation of the Public Registry of Commerce states the classification of Movable Guarantees and movable assets than can be subject of a Movable Guarantee. Based on these classifications, we can confirm that a guarantee or right in rem over a foreign aircraft fit within both of listed classifications for Movable Guarantees and movable assets because section A, subsection IV states Movable Guarantees constituted on aircraft and vessel; and section B, subsection II states that "engine vehicles" are subject to Movable Guarantees to be registered before the RUG.
On the other hand, and apart to the analysis made in precedent paragraphs; it is also relevant to refer to the article 31 Bis of the Regulation of the Public Registry of Commerce, which anticipates the existence of specialized registries to certain movable guarantees, stating the obligation of the specialized registry to replicate its registrations before the RUG in order to create a harmonized system. Nevertheless, and as we have analyzed, a guarantee over a foreign aircraft or engine is not subject to registry before the RAM as a specialized registry in aviation matters; so this rule is just applicable to guarantees registered before the RAM over Mexican civil aircraft.
As a result of the analysis made to the stated in Civil Aviation Law, Regulation of the Mexican Aviation Registry and the Regulation of the Public Registry of Commerce; rights in rem over foreign aircraft cannot be registered before the RAM; however as a sole discretion of the interested party its registration can be conducted before the RUG. The aforesaid, regardless of the legal principle stating that special provisions overrule general provisions, in this case applicable in regards to the specialized registry in aviation affairs (RAM) against the registry for Movable Guarantees (RUG) because the specialized registry does not states the registration of rights in rem over foreign aircraft and engines; just the registry of its leases.
Finally, this author can conclude that even when a Movable Guarantee over a foreign aircraft can be registered before the RUG; a domestic registry has not jurisdiction in regards to a foreign aircraft, therefore its registration would not cause any legal effect in regards to any other right in rem duly registered before the authority of the state of registry.
News | February 2015
Mexican Airport failure affects operations.
A failure in the Operation Tower's radar on February
12th, did not permit any operations in Latin America's busiest
airport for over two hours. The delay affected over 50 programmed
flights that could not leave the runway, as many other flights
programmed for landing had to be re-routed. http://mexico.cnn.com/ February
12, 2015.
Superb Aeronautic Export Profits for Mexico.
The director general of Airbus Group for Mexico, Fredric
García has stated that the aeronautic industry in Mexico has
a potential of up to 30 billion dollars in exportation in the next
20 years. The industry in Mexico is duly organized and has
sufficient capacity for major aeronautic component exportation
worldwide. Futhermore, Mexico can be one of the five major global
economy exporters in the Aeronautic Industry. As President Enrique
Peña Nieto stated in an official communication; the Mexican
aeronautic Industry has had a spectacular development in the last
years, with over 40 thousand employees and already a 6 billion
dollar exportation profit. http://mundoejecutivoexpress.mx/
February 19, 2015.
OECD's High Cost on Mexico City's New Airport
Assessment.
Assessment costs and expenses of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for the New Mexico City
International Airport will cost an estimate of US$2.2 million. The
document issued by the Secretary of Communications and Transport
(SCT) on January 9, details OECD's undertakings and analysis.
The work will be developed upon the entry into force of the
Agreement for the Promotion of Integrity, Transparency and Good
Procurement Practices in Development and Construction, it will be
effective through November 2018, but could extend its stay up to
2020 at an additional cost. http://www.mexico-now.com/?id=345.
February 19, 2015.
Mexican aviation industry on the rise again.
Despite the downfall of the aviation industry in Mexico,
which caused no less than 14 companies to go bankrupt, this year it
is expected to regain all the lost momentum. During last year the
aviation industry went up by 8.4%. This year there is expected to
be a potential of 6.4 million passengers in comparison with last
year said Alfonso Sarabia Garza the director of the Services and
Auxiliary Airports (ASA for its name in Spanish). And still, even
though a huge increase is expected, the country has a lot of place
for more growth. The southern part of the country, with the
exception of Cancun, Quintana Roo, has been widely neglected in
terms of direct flights. Sarabia Garza has stated that this needs
to be changed to include more cities as important places for the
aviation industry. Despite this, Mexico´s aviation industry
is expected to grow significantly during this next year. El
Economista. February 22, 2015.
FAA to implement cold weather altitude correction at
some airports new information to be included in instrument
procedures beginning in March.
In an Information For Operators (InFO) notice posted on
the FAA website, the agency said in response to recognized safety
concerns over cold weather altimetry errors, the FAA completed a
risk analysis to determine if current Title 14 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 97 instrument approach procedures
in the United States National Airspace System (NAS) are at risk
during cold temperature operations. The study used the coldest
recorded temperature for the airport in the last five years and
specifically investigated if there was a probability that expected
altitude errors in a barometric altimetry system, during these
non-standard day operations, could exceed the Required Obstacle
Clearance (ROC) used on procedure segment altitudes.
AeroNetwork. February 27, 2015.
Jet Fuel Shuffles in Line with Crude's Price
Drop.
As a result of the continuing support recently given by
Iran to Yemen, both countries have agree to sign an aviation deal.
The deal will involve the major Airlines of each of the countries,
Yemen Airways and Mahan Air, to fly up to 14 flights a week in both
directions. The first flight is expected to arrive in Yemen's
Capital Sanaa on March 1, 2015. Reuters. February 28,
2015.
Mexican Senator demands for civil aviation
reforms.
Mexican senator, Teófilo Torres Corzo has proposed
new reforms in terms of Mexican Civil Aviation. Torres Corzo has
stated that these reforms should de directed to protect
consumers' Human Rights in terms of refunds for cancelled
flights, lost baggage of offensive treatment from part of
Airlines' staff. He backs up his argument by stating that these
reforms will have huge impact on the country as to establish new
commercial, political, educational, and cultural relationships. http://www.larazonsanluis.com/
February 28, 2015.
Boeing to Intensify Technical Career Development for
Engineering Workforce.
Boeing says it is implementing a plan to renew its focus
on the company's engineers worldwide by dedicating the first
two of new Engineering Career Development Centers that would serve
as training grounds for its technical workforce. Over the next
year, leading up to Boeing's 100-year anniversary in 2016, the
company will open a dozen of these centers at major sites around
the company. The first two opening today are in Huntsville,
Alabama, and Long Beach, California. The plan is part of an
initiative called Engineering Central, which represents the
community of technically focused professionals working within
various parts of Boeing, and the strategy to provide world-class
development and training for them. Boeingmediaroom.com.
February 28, 2015.
Footnotes
* In colaboration with Juan Manuel Estrada
1.- Article 1, section II of the Regulation of the Public Registry of Commerce
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