Two major accounting rule changes will soon go into effect and they are expected to have major impacts on how many manufacturers and distributors report their financial results. Here are the details, including what is changing, when the changes must be implemented and how they will affect financial statements.
A New Lease on Leases
Of the two updates discussed here, the changes to lease accounting are much more straightforward. In fact, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) did not even assemble a transition resource group to help companies implement the updated lease guidance.
In a nutshell, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases, requires operating leases with terms longer than a year to appear on the lessee's balance sheet. As a result, manufacturers and distributors will report leased warehouse space, vehicles, equipment and other property as right-to-use assets, along with the rent they owe as liabilities.
The existing lease accounting rules in U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) require companies to record lease obligations on their balance sheets only when the arrangements are similar to financing transactions, such as rent-to-own contracts for buildings or vehicles. So, operating leases are not reported on the balance sheet under existing GAAP.
This fundamental change in financial reporting will make lessees appear more leveraged than they did in the past, even if the company's day-to-day operations have not changed. In some cases, the new standards will cause companies to violate loan covenants, requiring them to obtain waivers from lenders or renegotiate financing terms to reflect higher debt ratios.
For public companies, the updated lease accounting standard goes live in 2019. Private companies have an extra year to comply. Companies that issue comparative statements will need to start collecting data to implement the changes well in advance of these deadlines.
Major Changes to the Income Statement
The changes to revenue recognition under ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, are far more complicated than the updated lease guidance. The new revenue recognition update replaces about 180 pieces of industry-specific guidance in GAAP with a broad, principles-based method for most businesses to recognize revenue. (See "Five Steps to Recognize Revenue" below.) This new approach to revenue recognition is more closely aligned with international financial reporting rules.
The changes will be significant, especially for manufacturers and distributors that enter into specialized, long-term contracts with customers. For some companies, the updated guidance will result in earlier revenue recognition than in current practice. This is because the new standard will require companies to estimate the effects of sales incentives, discounts and warranties. The new standard also provides guidance on service revenue and contract modifications.
Nearly all manufacturers and distributors will need to beef up their footnote disclosures under the new rules. The update requires detailed breakdowns of revenue by product lines, geographic markets, contract length, services and physical goods.
The revenue recognition guidance goes into effect a year before the lease standard. It is effective for public companies in 2018 and private companies in 2019. In December 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) estimated that 22% of public companies had not started implementing the revenue recognition standard guidance and that statistic is likely higher among private firms.
Proactive manufacturers that have started the implementation process forewarn of the challenges. Last November, Christine DiFabio, assistant controller at Zoetis, a manufacturer of animal medicines, said during a panel discussion at Financial Executives International's Current Financial Reporting Issues Conference, "For those people who haven't started or are very early, try to start to speed it up, because while you may not think it will have a significant impact financially, it is a significant impact in workload and documentation efforts as well." She described the accounting change as "all encompassing."
Michael Cleary, Boeing vice president of accounting and financial reporting, also acknowledged during the panel discussion that the changes under ASU 2014-09 would significantly alter when his company records revenue. Boeing's customer contracts are typically long-term and complicated, so he formed a steering team, including officials from the communications and human resource departments, tasked solely with implementing the new standard.
Need Help?
With the implementation deadlines for the updated lease and revenue recognition standards fast approaching, it is time to review your contracts. That is the first step in implementing the changes. The next step is to contact your CPA to understand how the changes will affect your company's financial statements in the future.
Sidebar: Five Steps to Recognize Revenue
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09 will require companies to follow five steps when deciding how and when to recognize revenue:
- Identify a contract with a customer;
- Separate the contract's commitments;
- Determine the transaction price;
- Allocate a price to each promise; and
- Recognize revenue when, or, as the company transfers the promised good or service to the customer, depending on the type of contract.
The updated guidance will require companies to exercise more judgment when recognizing revenue than do the existing rules. An accounting professional can help you make informed judgment calls based on the terms of your customer contracts.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.
